土地利用和覆盖面的变化以及沙 (Diptera: Psychodidae) 聚集在莱什曼病的新兴焦点中
Maxcilene da Silva de Oliveira1,2, Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva1, Antonia Suely Guimarães E Silva1
1Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Brazil.
Medical and veterinary entomology
|January 18, 2025
概括
巴西的土地利用变化使息地分散,增加了莱什曼病风险. 研究发现,在农村地区,多样化,丰富的沙媒介,包括有能力的物种,突出了社区参与控制工作的必要性.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 医学昆虫学 医学昆虫学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 土地利用和覆盖面的变化对自然息地和疾病传播动态产生重大影响.
- 由于人类活动造成的息地碎片化可能会改变载体种群,并增加像莱什曼病这样的动物传播疾病的风险.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析土地使用情况和覆盖巴西马拉纳州科多的12年来变化.
- 为了研究沙 (Diptera: Psychodidae) 种群的多样性和丰富性,与环境变化相关.
- 确定关键的沙物种及其在周边和外周环境中的分布.
主要方法:
- 使用Sentinel-2卫星图像和QGIS软件对土地使用/覆盖变化的时间分析.
- 从2022年8月到2023年6月,每两个月进行一次采样,使用CDC光和香农陷.
- 种类识别和丰富度评估在近内外环境中.
主要成果:
- 在2012年至2023年期间观察到植物覆盖面的显著碎片化,与新的定居点建立相吻合.
- 总共捕获了来自20个物种的3375只沙,其中*Psychodopygus wellcomei* (78.19%) 和*Nyssomyia whitmani* (7.53%) 是最丰富的.
- *N. whitmani*占主导地位在国内区域 (84.97%),而 *P. wellcomei*在国外地区 (96.51%) 占主导地位.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了一种多样化的沙飞群,在研究区域中大量有能力的Leishmania载体.
- 观察到的土地使用变化与沙分布的变化相关,可能会增加莱什曼病传播风险.
- 调查结果支持社区参与监测和控制战略,以减轻莱什曼病爆发.
相关概念视频
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Anthelminthic Agents
Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Antiprotozoal Agents
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...


