玉米2035:对智能玉米育种的十年愿景
Hai-Jun Liu1, Jie Liu1, Zhiwen Zhai1
1Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
Molecular plant
|January 19, 2025
概括
玉米育种的进步对于全球粮食安全至关重要,面临着气候变化的挑战. 本视角探讨了可持续玉米生产的历史成功和未来战略,包括多种OMIC和智能育种.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 玉米对全球粮食安全至关重要,但增加产量面临环境挑战.
- 历史上的玉米育种成功为当前的进步提供了基础.
- 不同的地理位置和最终使用需求需要协调的育种目标.
研究的目的:
- 提供对历史玉米育种成功和未来机遇的视角.
- 检查各种全球需求和可持续农业的育种目标.
- 讨论提高玉米生产的尖端技术.
主要方法:
- 历史玉米育种成就的概述.
- 检查当前和未来的育种目标.
- 讨论先进的技术,如多omics,智能育种,和合成生物学.
主要成果:
- 历史上的育种显著改善了玉米的生产.
- 未来的玉米育种需要一个整体的,数据驱动的方法.
- 先进的技术为改善特征提供了变革性的潜力.
结论:
- 协调繁殖努力对于可持续农业至关重要.
- 整合多omics,智能育种和合成生物学将推动进步.
- 合作和社会经济考虑是实现未来玉米生产潜力的关键.
相关概念视频
02:36Meristems and Plant Growth
Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
02:16Light Acquisition
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
02:33Combinatorial Gene Control
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
02:55Synthetic Biology
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
02:50Transgenic Plants
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...