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相关概念视频

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Cell Diversity01:13

Cell Diversity

The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular organisms...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the male...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Highly Reproducible and Straightforward Method to Perform In Vivo Ocular Enucleation in the Mouse after Eye Opening
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在整个胚胎和产后小鼠视觉皮层发育过程中,细胞类型的持续多样化.

Yuan Gao1, Cindy T J van Velthoven1, Changkyu Lee1

  • 1Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|January 20, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究绘制了开发小鼠视觉皮层细胞类型的地图,使用单细胞转录组学和表观组学. 它揭示了细胞在整个发育过程中不断的细胞多样化和分子调节,揭示了细胞身份改进背后的逻辑.

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Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cortical Interneuron Precursors
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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 哺乳动物皮层发育涉及多种细胞类型和时间调节的事件.
  • 细胞类型发育的机制尚未完全理解.
  • 单细胞转录组学可以在发育过程中对细胞类型进行系统的研究.

研究的目的:

  • 创建一个高分辨率的转录基因和表观基因地图,对小鼠视觉皮层的发展.
  • 在整个发育过程中绘制细胞类型的出现和多样化.
  • 识别分子特征和调控机制,推动细胞身份的精细化.

主要方法:

  • 单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 的568,674个细胞.
  • 单核多原子测序 (snMultiome) 194,545个核的转录和染色体可访问性.
  • 发展轨迹的计算重建.
  • 对基因表达和染色质可访问性动态的分析.

主要成果:

  • 从胚胎到产后阶段的激发性,抑制性和非神经元细胞类型的综合图谱 (E11.5-P56).
  • 识别新细胞类型出现的分支点和多样化的分子特征.
  • 在产后观察到持续的细胞类型细化,在眼睛开放和关键时期出现迟.
  • 基因表达和染色体可访问性之间的动态相互作用,识别调节元素和转录因子.
  • 证明单个基因可以通过细胞类型和发育阶段的多个元素来调节.

结论:

  • 该研究提供了开发视觉皮层细胞类型的最详细的动态分子地图.
  • 它揭示了细胞类型不断改进的基础分子逻辑.
  • 这些发现为控制皮层发育和细胞身份形成的复杂过程提供了洞察力.