长期COVID的全球流行,其亚型和风险因素:更新的系统审查和元分析
Yiren Hou1, Tian Gu2, Zhouchi Ni1
1Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|January 20, 2025
概括
长期COVID影响全球36%的COVID-19幸存者,具有显著的地理差异和持续的症状. 关键的风险因素包括未接种疫苗,先前存在的疾病和女性性别.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 长期COVID (COVID-19后的情况) 流行,亚型和风险因素需要更新的全球知识.
- 有信息的公共卫生建议和医疗保健服务取决于这种更新的理解.
研究的目的:
- 评估长期COVID及其亚型和症状在确诊COVID-19的个体中的全球流行情况.
- 评估与长期COVID发展相关的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 从2021年7月到2024年5月发表的研究的系统审查和元分析.
- 纳入标准侧重于确诊的COVID-19,长期COVID结果 (流行率,危险因素,症状) 和至少两个月的随访.
- 随机效应的元分析用于数据合成,并计算了聚合的流行率和赔率比率.
主要成果:
- 在COVID-19阳性个体中,长期COVID的全球综合流行率为36% (95%CI33%-40%).
- 患病率在地理位置上有所不同 (南美51%,欧洲39%,亚洲35%,北美30%) 并在感染后的1-2年内持续存在.
- 最主要的亚型包括呼吸 (20%),一般疲劳 (20%) 和心理 (18%);记忆问题是最常见的症状 (11%).
- 没有接种疫苗的状态,先前存在的并发症和女性性别是最强的风险因素.
结论:
- 长期COVID是全球普遍存在的疾病,在不同地区的估计中存在显著的异质性.
- 症状持续很长时间,这表明全球卫生面临着持续的挑战.
- 这些发现强调了需要精心设计,在全球范围内进行代表性研究,以告知公共卫生战略.
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