在法律和社会领域对决策门的心理测量方法
Lauren Hartsough1, Matthew Ginther1,2, Edward K Cheng2
1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
PNAS nexus
|January 20, 2025
概括
法律决策标准,如超出合理怀疑的证明 (BaRD) 和证据的优势 (PoE),比人们的直觉信念 (IB) 更严格地解释. 心理测量分析显示,法律背景具有更高的决策门,即使结果成本相等.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 法律心理学 法律心理学
- 心理物理学的精神物理.
背景情况:
- 法律系统采用不同的证明负担,例如民事案件中的证据优势 (PoE) 和刑事案件中的超出合理怀疑的证据 (BaRD),以指导陪审员和司法决策.
- 了解非专业人士对这些法律标准的解释和应用,并将其与直观信念 (IB) 进行比较,对于评估法律决策的有效性至关重要.
- 这些决策门的上下文依赖性 - - 它们是否仅限于法律设置,或是泛用于医学,科学或感知领域 - - 仍然在很大程度上未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 在各种情况下,量化地比较非专业人士对法律决策门 (PoE, BaRD) 的解释与他们的直观信念 (IB).
- 调查法律决策门是否是特定于环境的,或者是对非法律和感知领域的概括.
- 确定心理测量分析如何阐明复杂的决策过程,并比较证明负担.
主要方法:
- 利用定量,心理测量分析,借鉴已建立的心理物理方法.
- 开发了一个共同的参数空间,使决策值能够进行跨领域的比较.
- 应用这些方法来评估在不同背景下对法律 (PoE,BaRD) 和非法律 (IB) 决策标准的解释.
主要成果:
- 超出合理怀疑的证据 (BaRD) 始终被解释为比证据的优势 (PoE) 更严格.
- 令人惊的是,证据的优势 (PoE) 发现比人们的直觉信念 (IB) 更严格.
- 在法律背景下,与非法律背景相比,决策门显著更高,即使与决策结果相关的成本是标准化的.
结论:
- 法律决策环境内在地比普通人的直觉信仰更严格的门.
- 非专业人士对证据充分性的直观信念比两种法律标准 (PoE和BaRD) 更宽容.
- 心理测量技术的应用为各种领域的决策值的微妙解释提供了宝贵的见解.
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