在斯洛伐克和捷克共和国十年内,职业病发展的比较
Erik Drabiščák1, Erik Dorko1, Kvetoslava Rimárová1
1Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Central European journal of public health
|January 20, 2025
概括
斯洛伐克共和国 (SK) 和捷克共和国 (CZ) 的职业病发病率不同. CZ显示了吸入二氧化,喘和皮肤疾病的更高率,而SK则有更多的噪音诱导条件.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 职业病 (OD) 显著影响死亡率,发病率和残疾人.
- 肌肉骨疾病是欧盟最常见的外科病,在2015年占到58%的病例.
- 了解OD发病率的区域差异对于有针对性的预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较斯洛伐克共和国 (SK) 和捷克共和国 (CZ) 之间的职业病发病率,从2009年到2019年.
- 确定特定类型的职业病,这些职业病在一个国家比另一个国家更为普遍.
- 为职业安全和健康的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自SK和CZ (2009-2019) 健康统计年鉴的数据.
- 两个国家的每10万劳动者平均发病率 (aIR) 的计算,按性别分层.
- 使用P < 0.05.05来确定统计学意义.
主要成果:
- SK在男性中诊断了2,351例OD,在女性中诊断了1,605例;CZ在男性中诊断了6,616例,在女性中诊断了5,513例.
- 在SK,OD的发病率显著下降 (每10万人中有7.3至4.8).
- 在这两个国家,单方面过度负荷导致的疾病最常见. 噪音,振动和SiO2吸入的OD在男性中更常见;女性的皮肤和传染病. 在SK中,噪音引起的听力损伤率更高,而在CZ中,,喘,呼吸道过敏,皮肤病和传染病的发病率更高.
结论:
- 与CZ相比,SK的噪音引起的OD的平均发病率 (aIR) 显著更高.
- CZ显示OO2吸入,喘,呼吸道过敏,皮肤疾病和传染病/寄生虫疾病引起的OD的流行率明显较高.
- 工作中断原则的差异以及加强监督,报告,职业安全投资,健康教育和研究的需要得到了强调.
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