全球儿科健康中的环境问题:政策声明
Lauren Zajac1, Philip J Landrigan2,
1Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Pediatrics
|January 20, 2025
概括
儿科医生必须认识到污染和化学品等环境危害不成比例地影响低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的儿童. 意识和环境史对于诊断这些儿童的有毒暴露至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 儿科医学 儿科医学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的儿童面临高水平的危险环境暴露,包括空气和水污染,和农药.
- 这些暴露对幼儿的疾病和死亡率做出了重大贡献,这一负担是北美地区的两倍.
- 预计气候变化将加剧这些环境健康风险.
研究的目的:
- 告知儿科医生和实习生关于环境危害对LMIC儿童的重大影响.
- 强调儿科医生在对来自或在LMICs工作的儿童进行差异诊断时需要考虑环境因素.
- 为了突出从LMIC移民的儿童由于过去和正在进行的暴露而面临的风险.
主要方法:
- 审查LMIC中普遍存在的环境危害及其对儿童健康的影响.
- 讨论诊断方法,包括环境查史和实验室检测.
- 为儿科组织和政策制定者提出建议.
主要成果:
- 环境暴露对LMICs儿童健康构成不成比例的严重威胁.
- 来自LMIC的儿童,包括那些移民的儿童,面临着毒性环境疾病的高风险.
- 目前的诊断方法可能并不总是能够识别这些疾病,因为缺乏独特的身体症状.
结论:
- 儿科医生需要更好地了解当地环境威胁,并为LMIC或来自LMIC的儿童提供诊断工具.
- 建议在儿科培训和继续医学教育中增加环境健康和气候变化教育.
- 全球加强污染预防,环境卫生工作人员和公共卫生基础设施至关重要.
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