从非结构化和半结构化电子健康记录中提取数据的大型语言模型:多个模型绩效评估模型.
Vasileios Ntinopoulos1,2, Hector Rodriguez Cetina Biefer1,2, Igor Tudorache1,2
1Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
BMJ health & care informatics
|January 20, 2025
概括
顶级大型语言模型 (LLM) 在从电子健康记录中提取数据方面表现出色. 这些先进的LLM显示出高准确性和一致性,为改善医疗保健研究和效率铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 医疗保健的自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 包含大量的非结构化和半结构化数据.
- 从电子健康记录中有效提取数据对于研究和临床决策至关重要.
- 目前用于EHR数据提取的方法可能是耗时和劳动密集的.
研究的目的:
- 评估各种大型语言模型 (LLM) 在从非结构化和半结构化EHR中提取数据的性能.
- 将LLM性能与基线变压器模型进行比较.
- 评估在数据提取任务中的LLM响应的一致性.
主要方法:
- 创建了50个具有结构和非结构组件的合成英语医疗笔记,并经过专家验证.
- 18名LLM被提示使用这些笔记进行数据提取和分类任务.
- 性能以四个实体提取和五个二进制分类任务的准确度来衡量.
- 在三个相同的提示代中评估了响应一致性.
主要成果:
- 一些LLM,包括克劳德3.0 Opus,GPT 4和双子星高级,实现了优秀的整体准确度超过0.98.
- 这些表现最好的LLM显著超过了基线RoBERTa模型 (0.742准确度).
- 在多个运行中观察到领先的LLM的高响应一致性 (Krippendorff的α值接近1).
结论:
- 克劳德3.0 Opus,克劳德3.0 Sonnet,克劳德2.0,GPT 4,克劳德2.1,Gemini Advanced,PaLM 2聊天野牛和Llama 3-70b在电子健康记录数据提取方面表现出卓越的性能.
- 这些LLM为实体提取和分类任务提供可靠的数据提取功能.
- 建议对现实世界EHR数据进行进一步验证,以确认这些有希望的结果.
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