变种和疫苗对三波SARS-CoV-2病毒的鼻腔免疫力产生影响
Jaclyn M L Walsh1,2,3,4, Vincent N Miao4,5,6,7, Anna H Owings8,9
1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature immunology
|January 20, 2025
概括
SARS-CoV-2 变种和疫苗接种改变了鼻腔免疫细胞的反应. 之前的疫苗接种促进了巨细胞的活动,而病毒变异则影响了细胞组成和疾病严重程度的特征.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染结果受到病毒变异和宿主疫苗接种状态的影响.
- 人鼻腔粘膜对这些因素的细胞反应在很大程度上仍未被描述.
研究的目的:
- 在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体中,对 SARS-CoV-2 变种 (三角形,欧米克朗,祖先) 的鼻腔粘膜细胞反应的特征.
- 识别与不同变体和疫苗接种状态相关的与疾病严重程度相关的细胞特征.
主要方法:
- 单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 来自感染的成年人的鼻抽样.
- 来自Delta,Omicron和祖先的SARS-CoV-2感染的scRNA-seq数据的整合.
- 对宿主细胞组成,病毒RNA水平和基因表达模式的分析.
主要成果:
- 德尔塔和Omicron感染显示出类似的鼻腔细胞组成,与祖先的SARS-CoV-2不同.
- 一个特定的上皮细胞子集 (PER2+EGR1+GDF15+) 在SARS-CoV-2RNA+细胞中得到丰富.
- 之前的疫苗接种与增加鼻巨细胞的频率和激活相关.
- 干扰素刺激的基因表达与祖先和三角形的COVID-19严重程度有负相关性,但不是Omicron变种.
结论:
- 鼻腔细胞反应在SARS-CoV-2变体之间以及与宿主疫苗接种状态有关的情况有显著差异.
- 特定的细胞子集和基因表达模式作为疾病严重程度的签名.
- 之前的疫苗接种调节了鼻子粘膜中的先天免疫反应.
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