使用T1w/T2w比率和形态测量的皮质特征探测自闭症和ADHD亚型
Linn B Norbom1, Bilal Syed2, Rikka Kjelkenes3
1PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
NeuroImage. Clinical
|January 21, 2025
概括
多模式脑成像在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动性障碍 (ADHD) 患者中确定了三个不同的神经发育子组. 这些由皮层模式定义的子组表明了个性化治疗策略的潜力.
科学领域:
- 神经成像和计算精神病学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 神经发育障碍的生物标志物
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动性障碍 (ADHD) 是常见的神经发育状况,具有共同的遗传基础和频繁的同时发生.
- 在ASD和ADHD中的临床异质性需要识别不同的神经生物学亚型,以改善治疗和预测结果.
- 在ASD和ADHD中,皮质髓化中发生的干扰,这是一个关键的发育过程,涉及到ASD和ADHD,这使得它成为潜在的亚型识别目标.
研究的目的:
- 研究T1w/T2w比率的实用性,磁共振成像 (MRI) 代理用于皮层内髓,用于识别神经发育亚型.
- 探索单模和多模神经成像方法,以在患有自闭症,多动症和典型发育对照的人群中识别诊断盲子组.
- 确定是否可以识别具有共同神经生物学特征的独特子组,超越当前的诊断界限.
主要方法:
- 来自POND网络的MRI数据 (T1w/T2w比率,皮质厚度,表面积) 的分析,来自310名患有ASD,ADHD或典型发育的个体 (年龄为2.6-23.6岁).
- 应用线性模型来测试T1w/T2w比率的病例对照差异.
- 实施单模 (T1w/T2w比率) 和多模 (T1w/T2w比率,皮质厚度,表面积) 的光谱聚类,以确定诊断盲的子组.
主要成果:
- 在诊断组和对照组之间没有发现T1w/T2w比率的统计学上显著差异.
- 单模式集群产生了有限的子组分离,主要受到图像质量的影响.
- 多模组聚类确定了三个独特的子组,其特点是独特的皮层模式,T1w/T2w比率和表面积是关键的区分特征. 这些子组显示了相似的临床和认知特征,尽管超越诊断类别.
结论:
- 虽然T1w/T2w比率的直接病例对照差异并不显著,但整合这种髓代理物的多式聚类有望在神经发育条件下识别生物学上有意义的子组.
- 鉴定的子组表明,在ASD和ADHD诊断中可能存在神经生物学相似之处,这为更精确的分层和有针对性的干预提供了潜力.
- 未来的研究应该利用多模式神经成像方法来完善亚型识别,并了解神经发育障碍的潜在机制.
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