成熟状态,培训背景和刻板印象对从童年到青春期的感知认知技能的影响
Xiaoyu Zhang1, Freddy Maso2, Brigitte Ekpe-Lordonnois3
1Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Physiology & behavior
|January 21, 2025
概括
成熟状态提高了年轻运动员的感知认知技能,直到13岁左右. 不论年龄或训练,刻板印象都有利于表现,这表明在青少年体育运动中有可能识别人才.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 人类运动科学 人类运动科学
背景情况:
- 感知认知技能对于年轻运动员的运动成功至关重要.
- 了解影响这些技能的因素,如成熟度,训练和刻板印象,对于运动员的发展至关重要.
- 以前的研究还没有完全阐明这些因素在青少年运动员中的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查成熟状态对年轻男性运动员感知认知技能的影响.
- 检查培训背景和刻板印象在调节这些技能中的作用.
- 确定潜在的与年龄相关的感知认知技能发展门.
主要方法:
- 166名10-16岁的男性参与者按训练负载 (中度与训练良好) 和成熟度状态 (青春期前1,青春期前2,青春期,青春期后) 分组.
- 在2D和3D立体条件下使用NeuroTracker (MT) 任务评估感知认知技能.
- 统计分析检查了基于成熟度,培训和立体条件的绩效差异.
主要成果:
- 年轻的运动员 (青春期前,13岁之前) 与老年人相比,表现出明显较低的感知认知技能得分.
- 在3D立体镜条件下,所有参与者的表现都显著提高,不论成熟度或培训.
- 在受过中度训练和受过良好训练的组之间,在NeuroTracker (MT) 性能上没有发现显著差异,训练,刻板印象和成熟之间也没有显著的相互作用.
结论:
- 成熟状态是发展感知认知技能的一个关键因素,直到大约13岁.
- 通过刻板印象赋予这些技能的优势在10-16岁的年龄范围内是一致的,并且独立于培训.
- 高个体变异性表明,评估感知认知技能可以帮助识别人才和青少年体育运动的长期运动员发展计划.
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