在新的掠食压力下,基石牧草动物的适应
Danai Kontou1, Andrew M Paterson2, Elizabeth J Favot3
1Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|January 21, 2025
概括
水Daphnia pulicaria多次演化出了遗传适应,以幸存于入侵性Bythotrephes longimanus的掠食. 这证明了可预测的基因组进化,以应对环境变化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 了解物种适应环境变化对于生物多样性保护至关重要.
- 观察到对新型压力的快速适应,例如入侵物种掠食,但其在野生种群中的重复性和可预测性尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究关键水生草食动物*Daphnia pulicaria*对侵袭性动物植被动物*Bythotrephes longimanus*的掠食的进化反应.
- 评估在面临新选择压力的野生种群中遗传适应的可重复性和可预测性.
主要方法:
- 来自安大略省12个湖泊的210Pb日期的沉积芯中的*Daphnia pulicaria*休息胚胎的全基因组测序数据的分析.
- 在约70年的时间里,比较Daphnia的基因结构和选择签名在有或没有Bythotrephes入侵的湖泊之间.
- 选择中的位置的识别和表型变化 (体型) 的分析.
主要成果:
- 在拜托特雷弗斯入侵后, *Daphnia* 种群发生了显著的遗传差异化,而未被入侵的湖泊没有发生变化.
- 与未被侵占的湖泊相比,被侵占的湖泊中平均有64倍多的位置处于选择阶段.
- 选择的位点与生殖和应激反应有关,入侵群体的平均体型增加了14.1%.
结论:
- *Daphnia pulicaria*种群多次获得了可遗传的遗传适应性,以逃避被长虫*所限制的掠食.
- 环境变化可预测地塑造基因组进化,突出了野生种群适应性反应的潜力.
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