患者护理大型语言模型的当前应用和挑战:系统性审查
Felix Busch1, Lena Hoffmann2, Christopher Rueger2
1School of Medicine and Health, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. felix.busch@tum.de.
Communications medicine
|January 21, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在患者护理方面表现有前途,但在设计和输出方面存在局限性. 本系统性审查绘制了当前的LLM应用程序和医疗保健实施的挑战.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 提供了增强患者教育和个性化医疗护理的潜力.
- 有关临床环境中LLM系统应用和局限性的知识差距很大.
- 本综述解决了对LLM在患者护理中的使用进行综合信息的需求.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合LLMs在患者护理中的当前应用.
- 识别和分类与LLM在医疗保健中的实施相关的局限性.
- 在临床实践中建立一个评估LLM的基础框架.
主要方法:
- 在5个数据库中系统搜索2022-2023年间发表的研究.
- 包括29个医学专业的89项研究,使用2018年混合方法评估工具进行评估.
- 使用数据驱动的融合方法对LLM应用和局限性的专题综合.
主要成果:
- 生成式预训练型变压器 (GPT) -3.5和GPT-4是医学问题答案,患者信息生成和临床文档的最受研究的LLM.
- 确定的限制分为两个主要领域:设计 (例如,缺乏医疗优化,数据透明度) 和输出 (例如,不正确性,偏见,不安全性).
- 分析揭示了许多特定的设计和输出相关的挑战,影响了LLM的可靠性和安全性.
结论:
- 本系统性审查提供了对LLM应用和患者护理局限性的全面概述.
- 为有效实施和评估医疗保健中的LLM建立了基础框架和分类法.
- 这些发现指导了LLM的未来研究和开发,以实现更安全,更有效的临床使用.
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