女大猩猩形成高度稳定的统治关系
Nikolaos Smit1, Martha M Robbins1
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Biology letters
|January 22, 2025
概括
雌性大猩猩形成了令人惊的稳定的统治层次,挑战了分散导致社会地位不稳定的想法. 这种稳定性在社会群体中持续到终身.
科学领域:
- 灵长类的社会行为
- 动物生态动物生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 在动物中,占主导地位的层次结构很常见,影响了资源获取和健康状况.
- 层次稳定通常取决于年龄,移民或亲属关系等因素,而不仅仅是身体力量.
- 雌性大猩猩通常从群体中分散,破坏社会纽带和联盟,导致不稳定的统治预测.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究雌性大猩猩之间的统治关系的稳定性.
- 为了测试分散导致雌性大猩猩不稳定的社会层次的假设.
- 探索原始人群中统治动态的进化根源.
主要方法:
- 分析了为期24年的数据集,涵盖了两种大猩猩的五个群体 (大猩猩大猩猩和大猩猩大猩猩).
- 在长期的女性同居期间检查双层关系和等级变化.
- 数量化等级逆转和被动流动性 (由于移民或他人死亡而发生的等级变化).
主要成果:
- 雌性大猩猩形成了非常稳定的统治关系,在整个群体任期内保持稳定 (平均共居时间为4.8年,最高为17.3年).
- 排位逆转很少见,在92个雌性双中,只有2个被观察到.
- 大多数职位的提升都是通过高级人员的离职或死亡被动地发生的.
结论:
- 这项研究挑战了雌性大猩猩的分散和等级不稳定之间的假定联系.
- 研究结果表明,尽管女性分散,但可以保持稳定的统治层次,这可能是由于挑战主导个体的高成本.
- 在雌性大猩猩中观察到的稳定性反映了黑猩猩的优势,这表明人类社会结构的进化根深蒂固.
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