埃塞俄比亚肺炎球菌疫苗接种的变化和决定因素
Biniyam Tedla Mamo1,2, Ferehiwot Gebrehiwot Geram3, Kebron Yihenew Getnet4
1Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Science, Harar, Ethiopia.
PLOS global public health
|January 22, 2025
概括
埃塞俄比亚的肺炎球菌联合疫苗 (PCV) 覆盖率在2016年至2019年期间增加了21.8%. 城市居住,较高的出生顺序,设施分娩和产前护理访问等因素影响了PCV的吸收.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌性肺炎是全球和埃塞俄比亚儿童死亡的主要原因.
- 疫苗接种对于减少儿童和成人肺炎球菌病的负担至关重要.
- 了解疫苗覆盖率趋势和影响因素对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估2016年至2019年埃塞俄比亚肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 覆盖率的变化.
- 确定与儿童PCV吸收相关的社会人口统计学和医疗保健相关因素.
- 为提高免疫率和减少肺炎球菌疾病负担的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 2016年和2019年埃塞俄比亚人口和健康调查 (EDHS) 的二次数据分析.
- 包括1,929名儿童 (2016年) 和1,008名12-23个月龄的儿童 (2019年).
- 多级顺序逻辑回归用于识别与PCV吸收相关的因素,具有5%的显著性值.
主要成果:
- 观察到PCV完整剂量显著增加,从2016年的49.1%增加到2019年的59.8% (21.8%的变化).
- 农村地区的儿童的PCV摄入量较低 (AOR=0.307).
- 较高的出生顺序 (AOR=2.519),医疗机构分娩 (AOR=2.350),以及增加的产前护理访问与较高的PCV吸收有关.
结论:
- 尽管PCV覆盖率显著增加,埃塞俄比亚尚未达到免疫目标.
- 居住地,出生顺序,分娩地点,产前护理使用情况以及区域差异显著影响PCV疫苗接种率.
- 针对这些因素的有针对性的干预措施是必要的,以改善PCV覆盖率并减少由肺炎球菌疾病引起的儿童死亡率.
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