亚里士多德对道德决策的说法是正确的吗? 构建一种新的实用智慧的经验模型
Shane McLoughlin1, Stephen Thoma2, Kristján Kristjánsson1
1Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|January 22, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了简短的Phronesis测量 (SPM) 来评估实际智慧 (phronesis). 这个新工具确定了十个组件,提供了比传统模型更细致的理解,并显示了对福祉的预测有效性.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 哲学 哲学 是一个哲学.
背景情况:
- 亚里士多德的phronesis (实用智慧) 是一个关键的美德,但它的评估是有限的.
- 现有的phronesis模型可能无法完全捕捉其复杂性.
- 经验研究和实际应用需要一个验证的,可靠的测量方法.
研究的目的:
- 为评估亚里士多德语音症开发和验证短短语音症测量 (SPM).
- 调查SPM的结构,可靠性和有效性.
- 提出一个经验上衍生的新亚里士多德式的phronesis模型.
主要方法:
- 使用大型,具有全国代表性的英国和美国样本开发和验证SPM.
- 探索性和确认性因素分析,以确定措施的结构.
- 网络分析以探索组件的相互关系.
- 测试复试可靠性和标准有效性评估.
主要成果:
- 探索性因子分析揭示了phronesis的十个不同的组成部分,挑战了传统的四个组成部分模型.
- SPM 显示出强大的内部一致性和测试复试可靠性.
- 网络分析支持了一个新的,经验驱动的新亚里士多德式的phronesis模型.
- 通过SPM测量的Phronesis与繁荣和预测未来繁荣有积极的相关性.
- 弗罗尼西斯独特地预测了超越道德基础,个性特征和道德脱离的结果.
结论:
- 简短的Phronesis测量 (SPM) 是一个可靠和有效的工具来评估实际智慧.
- 这些发现支持十个组成部分,新亚里士多德式的phronesis模型.
- SPM为心理学,教育和职业道德提供了宝贵的见解,有助于发展实用智慧.
更多相关视频
07:42An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
Published on: August 2, 2018
13.5K
07:05Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
Published on: September 10, 2018
5.9K
相关概念视频
Decision Making: Traditional Method
4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
Reason and Intuition
6.3K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.3K
Decision Making: P-value Method
5.3K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
41
Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
41
Decision Making
85
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
85
Empathy
9.5K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.5K
