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野生灵长类动物的应激反应预测了在极端的厄尔尼诺现象干旱期间的生存

Sofia C Carrera¹, Irene Godoy^2,3, Colleen M Gault²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Science advances

|January 22, 2025

概括

灵长类动物的强烈应激反应,通过便糖皮质激素测量,提高了在干旱等极端环境挑战期间的生存率. 这项研究强调了急性压力反应对进化适应性的适应性益处.

科学领域:

灵长类生态学灵长类生态学
压力生理学压力生理学
进化生物学进化生物学

背景情况:

慢性压力得到了充分的研究,但对急性压力反应的适应性益处的理解较少.
应激反应在进化适应中的作用,特别是在灵长类动物中,缺乏经验证据.
在严重的厄尔尼诺干旱期间,野生白面面临着前所未有的死亡率.

研究的目的:

实证地研究急性应激反应如何适应性地影响灵长类动物的进化适应性.
提供证据表明,对环境挑战的强有力的应激反应预测了生存.
了解压力反应的变化如何帮助动物在灾难性事件中生存.

主要方法:

利用了一项自然实验 (厄尔尼诺干旱) 对野生白面的影响.
采用反应规范方法来分析应激反应.
使用便葡萄皮质激素 (压力激素) 测量压力反应.

主要成果:

证明,更强大的应激反应预测了灵长类动物更大的生存可能性.
发现,对先前干旱有更高应激反应的个体在严重的厄尔尼诺干旱期间的生存率更高.
提供了灵长类动物的经验证据,将压力反应与生存和进化适应性联系起来.

结论:

更强烈的急性应激反应是一种适应性特征,可以增强面临严重环境挑战的灵长类动物的生存能力.
这项研究为进化模型提供了关键的经验数据,用于应激反应的适应变化.
了解应激反应的适应性方面是了解动物如何应对极端事件的关键.

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