使用机器学习解读马来西亚临床笔记中的缩写
Ismat Mohd Sulaiman1, Awang Bulgiba2, Sameem Abdul Kareem3
1Health Informatics Centre, Planning Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Methods of information in medicine
|January 22, 2025
概括
一个新的马来西亚机器学习模型有效地检测和使用本地词嵌入来消除临床缩写的模糊性. 这种方法在资源较少的环境中提供了高性能,改善了健康数据分析.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 机器学习 (ML) 是指机器学习.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 临床笔记包含许多缩写,这给自动信息提取带来了挑战.
- 现有的NLP系统经常与临床缩写的细微差别作斗争,特别是在资源较少的环境中.
- 为准确的医疗保健数据管理,开发针对当地环境的专用模型至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估第一个马来西亚机器学习模型,用于检测和明确临床缩写.
- 将该模型集成到MyHarmony NLP系统中,以增强临床信息提取.
- 用文字嵌入技术评估模型在低资源环境中的可行性.
主要方法:
- 马来西亚的一种临床词嵌入是使用Word2Vec模型开发的,用于电子出院摘要.
- 在缩写检测和清晰化任务上评估了绩效.
- 本地嵌入与使用机器学习分类器的传统基于规则和FastText嵌入进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 马来西亚的临床词嵌入在缩写检测 (F-score 0.9519) 和明确 (F-score 0.9903) 方面都取得了很高的性能.
- 使用本地嵌入的决策树分类器的性能优于其他方法.
- 该模型在与非临床嵌入相比,尽管词汇和维度较小,但仍显示出有效性.
结论:
- 当地的临床词嵌入,即使使用更简单的ML算法,也可以有效地解读缩写.
- 开发的模型需要较低的计算资源,使其适用于像马来西亚这样的低资源环境.
- 整合到MyHarmony预计将改善临床术语的识别,加强医疗监测和政策制定.
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