多组件康复,以改善老年患者的独立性和功能与常见的年龄相关疾病:一个范围审查
Omar Baritello1, Theo Taxis1, Hanna Stein1
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
BMJ open
|January 22, 2025
概括
多组件康复 (MR) 显示出改善老年患者住院后身体功能和生活质量的前景. 然而,对于这个年龄组的证据,尤其是老年病以外的证据,仍然有限,这凸显了进一步研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 老年学和康复医学 老年学和康复医学
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 证据综合 证据综合
背景情况:
- 多组件康复 (MR) 可以恢复老年患者住院后的功能.
- 关于MR在老年人中有效性的具体证据是有限的,特别是在老年护理之外.
- 本综述侧重于老年患者因年龄相关疾病住院后的功能相关结果.
研究的目的:
- 绘制医院住院后老年患者 (≥75岁) 多组件康复 (MR) 的现有证据.
- 评估MR对功能相关结果的影响,包括护理依赖,身体功能,与健康有关的生活质量 (HRQL) 和日常生活活动 (ADL).
- 确定有关老年人与年龄相关疾病的MR研究中的差距.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed,Cochrane图书馆和临床试验注册表等数据库进行了范围审查.
- 包括的研究是随机对照试验 (RCT) 和受控队列研究 (CCS),比较了以中心为基础的MR与常规护理.
- 研究的重点是因为心脏病,神经病,瘤病或骨科病而住院的75年或以上的患者,MR在出院后3个月内开始,随访时间≥6个月.
主要成果:
- 从20409个记录中,有9项研究被纳入最终综合.
- 疾病教育是除了运动训练外,最常见的MR组件.
- 一个RCT显示,与常规护理相比,MR患者的身体功能和HRQL有所改善.
结论:
- 在75岁及以上的患者中,多组件康复 (MR) 的证据很少,特别是在老年医疗之外.
- 迫切需要更多的研究来了解MR在这个不断增长且代表性不足的患者群体中的潜力.
- 进一步的研究是必不可少的,以确定MR的疗效,以改善老年人住院后的功能.
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