智力障碍患者长期疾病的性质和患病率:以人口为基础的回顾性纵向研究
Gemma Lewin1, Rania Kousovista2, Emeka Abakasanga2
1Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK gemma.lewin7@nhs.net.
BMJ open
|January 22, 2025
概括
智力残疾人患有长期疾病的患病率很高,往往比普通人群更早出现. 这项研究确定了40个相关条件,突出了年龄和性别的差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 智力障碍研究 智力障碍研究
- 慢性疾病流行病学 慢性疾病流行病学
背景情况:
- 智力障碍者 (ID) 经历了长期条件 (LTC) 的不成比例的负担.
- 了解这一群体中LTC的频谱和患病率对于有效的医疗保健至关重要.
- 现有的研究往往缺乏对ID个体的LTC进行全面的,基于人群的方法.
研究的目的:
- 探索40个在智力残疾人中确定的长期疾病的性质和患病率.
- 为了比较LTCs在这个队列中的流行率和模式与一般人群.
- 调查智力障碍队伍中基于性别和年龄的LTC分布的变化.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性,纵向性,基于人口的研究,利用威尔士的安全匿名信息链接 (SAIL) 数据库.
- 纳入标准:14,323名18岁以上的个人,在队列开始时还活着,居住在威尔士,有记录的智力障碍诊断.
- 对2000-2021年初级和中等保健数据的分析,观察从出生起的健康记录.
主要成果:
- 队列中的91.25% (13,069人) 至少有一个记录的长期疾病.
- 精神疾病是最常见的 (30.91%),其次是,甲状腺疾病,慢性病和糖尿病的发病率较高,与普通人群相比.
- 高血压的患病率较低;人们注意到慢性便秘,腹和失眠等疾病. 随着年龄的增长,LTC增加,通常在晚年出现的疾病的早期发病.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了智力障碍患者中广泛的LTCs的高患病率和早期出现.
- 与一般人群相比,LTC概况存在显著差异,因性别和年龄而异.
- 需要对LTC集群,轨迹和风险因素进行进一步的研究,以优化对这一群体的纵向护理.
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