在小鼠精子生成中系统识别Y染色体基因功能
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在PubMed上查看摘要
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。研究小鼠的Y染色体基因显示,像Eif2s3y,Uty和Zfy2这样的特定基因对男性生育和精子生产至关重要. 删除多个Y基因造成了重大问题,突出了它们复杂的作用.
科学领域
- 遗传学
- 生殖生物学
- 哺乳动物遗传学
背景情况
- 哺乳动物的Y染色体对男性生育至关重要.
- 调节精子发生的特定Y基因在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解Y基因功能是解决男性不孕症的关键.
研究的目的
- 鉴定哺乳动物精子生成所必需的Y染色体基因
- 研究单个Y基因的作用及其对男性生育能力的联合影响.
- 探索Y基因删除对丸转录组的影响.
主要方法
- 产生了13个Y-deletant小鼠模型.
- 对单基因和多基因Y遗传小鼠的精子生成分析.
- 来自遗传物模型的丸的转录分析.
主要成果
- 在Eif2s3y,Uty和Zfy2中观察到精子发生障碍.
- 已确定能调节精子的繁殖;Zfy2促进半性染色体的配对.
- 即使在单个Y基因删除剂中也发现了体质丸转录组的意想不到的变化.
- 多基因缺失,包括AZFa模型,显示单个缺失物体中未见的表型.
结论
- 即使没有个别删除表型,Y基因也可以调节精子生成.
- 这项研究为剖析Y基因功能和理解Y进化提供了宝贵的资源.
- 这些发现有助于进一步了解哺乳动物Y染色体的功能及其在男性不孕症中的作用.
相关概念视频
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Y chromosome mutations are called “Y-linked” and only affect males since they alone carry a copy of that chromosome. Mutations to the relatively small Y chromosome can impact male sexual function and secondary sex characteristics. Y-chromosome infertility is a disorder that affects...
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...