运动行为对学龄前儿童认知的影响:对随机对照试验的系统审查
Catalina Pacheco1,2, Victoria Culkin1, Amelia Putkaradze1,3
1Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
概括
具有认知吸引力的体育活动干预措施显著提高学龄前儿童的认知能力. 需要更多关于儿童早期发展的久坐行为和睡眠干预措施的研究.
科学领域:
- 儿童早期发展 儿童早期发展
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 运动行为 (体力活动,久坐行为,睡眠) 对于幼儿发展至关重要,影响身体,认知和情感健康.
- 虽然身体健康的好处是众所周知的,但运动行为干预对学龄前儿童认知发育的影响尚未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查随机对照试验 (RCT),评估针对体育活动 (PA),久坐行为 (SB) 和睡眠的干预措施对学龄前儿童认知结果的影响.
- 识别有关特定运动行为及其对认知发展的组合影响的文献上的差距.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA 2020指南进行了系统审查.
- 在五个数据库 (PubMed,PsycInfo,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL) 进行了搜索,搜索2000年1月至2023年12月期间发表的研究.
- 包括的RCT集中在至少一个运动行为上,至少有四周的干预持续时间,并评估认知发展 (例如,执行功能,注意力,记忆).
主要成果:
- 22个RCT符合标准;21个集中在PA上,一个集中在SB上,没有一个集中在睡眠或组合行为上.
- PA干预措施,特别是那些具有认知参与的干预措施,显著改善了执行功能,抑制和注意力 (中等到大效果大小).
- 单一的SB干预没有显示出显著的认知改善,睡眠和综合行为数据缺乏.
结论:
- 具有认知吸引力的PA干预措施显示出增强学龄前儿童认知发展的最大希望.
- 目前关于久坐行为和睡眠干预措施对认知影响的证据有限.
- 未来的研究应该调查解决PA,SB和睡眠的综合干预措施,以了解它们对认知发展的集体影响.
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