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老年摔倒者在反应平衡控制中的综合神经肌肉和动力学变化:平衡下降或补偿的指标? 一个试点研究研究
Ringo Tang-Long Zhu1,2, Timmi Tim Mei Hung1, Freddy Man Hin Lam3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 24, 2025
概括
经常跌倒的老年人使用更多的"悬浮策略"来保持平衡,依靠膝盖和部运动. 这弥补了较弱的脚反应,但导致恢复速度较慢,突出了防摔计划的潜在目标.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 老年人的跌倒是全球重要的健康问题.
- 以前的研究发现了一些跌倒风险因素,但缺乏深入的神经肌肉和运动细节.
- 了解反应平衡控制机制对于预防跌倒至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在反应平衡控制过程中调查肌肉活动和关节动力学.
- 为了比较这些机制在老年人之间,有和没有下跌史.
主要方法:
- 试点观察性研究比较了六名较老的落者和六名非落者.
- 参与者在站立时受到不可预测的翻译平衡干扰.
- 测量了全身质量中心 (COM) 位移,主导腿部关节运动和肌肉电活动.
主要成果:
- 摔倒者表现出改变的肌肉激活模式 (例如,延迟部曲器/延伸器,增加膝盖曲器激活) 和减少协同收缩.
- 摔倒者表现出更大的膝盖/部曲,长时间的脚背部曲和延迟的关节运动恢复.
- 落体显示了较早的向下COM位移和更大的前后COM超射后扰动.
结论:
- 较老的落者更多地依赖于涉及干部,部和膝盖的补偿性"悬浮策略".
- 这些策略可以弥补足够的脚和部反应,但导致长时间的平衡恢复.
- 确定的神经肌肉和动力学因素可能有助于区分跌倒风险和制定预防跌倒的干预措施.
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