单词顺序是否响应形态学? 在五种西欧语言的形态语法变化中解开因果关系
Julie Nijs1, Freek Van de Velde1, Hubert Cuyckens1
1Department of Linguistics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 24, 2025
概括
语言变化表明,形态复杂性的下降往往导致单词顺序变得更加严格. 这种因果关系,从形态学到语法,随着时间的推移在几个欧洲语言中被观察到.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 历史语言学 历史语言学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,减少的屈曲形态和固定的单词顺序之间存在相关性.
- 现有的文学往往侧重于相关性,而不是在语言进化中建立因果关系.
研究的目的:
- 调查形态复杂性和文字顺序刚性之间的因果关系.
- 为了确定涉及形态和语法语言变化的因果关系的方向.
主要方法:
- 利用科尔摩戈罗夫复杂度来量化语言复杂度.
- 使用格兰杰因果关系分析来评估变量之间的因果关系.
- 分析了德语 (荷兰语,德语,英语) 和罗曼语 (法语,意大利语) 语言的二次数据.
主要成果:
- 研究结果表明,形态复杂性的变化是文字顺序刚性的变化的一个统计学上显著的原因.
- 因果不对称性,形态学影响单词顺序,在荷兰语和德语中是强大的,在英语中犹不决,在法语和意大利语中存在.
- 没有证据支持反向因果方向 (影响形态的单词顺序).
结论:
- 这项研究支持这样一个假设,即形态复杂性的下降因果关系先于语法复杂性的增加.
- 结果表明语言变化的方向关系,形态简化推动了语法变化.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索影响这种关系中语言特异性趋势的因素.
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