概括
通过新生儿查 (NBS) 早期发现先天性甲状腺功能低下症 (CH) 对于预防不可逆转的大脑损伤至关重要. 本综述涵盖了CH查方法的演变,从甲状腺素 (T4) 到甲状腺刺激激素 (TSH) 的测量.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 新生儿查 新生儿查
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 甲状腺激素 (TH) 对于胎儿和新生儿的大脑发育至关重要.
- 在生命早期的TH缺乏会导致不可逆转的神经缺陷.
- 先天性甲状腺功能低下症 (CH) 是一个可治疗的疾病,如果早期发现.
研究的目的:
- 审查新生儿查 (NBS) 的实验室发展情况.
- 为了比较不同的查标记和它们的历史实施.
- 在CH查中强调转向甲状腺刺激激素 (TSH) 的转变.
主要方法:
- 自1973年以来的CH查方法的历史审查.
- 从甲状腺素 (T4) 转换为TSH作为主要查标记物的分析.
- 讨论实验室技术及其灵敏度的进步.
主要成果:
- 早期的CH查利用了在干血斑点中的总甲状腺素 (T4) 测量.
- 增加TSH测定的灵敏度导致其被广泛采用为CH的主要NBS标志物.
- 一些程序继续使用T4来检测初级和中央CH.
结论:
- 新生儿对CH的查已经显著发展,改善了早期检测率.
- 在全球范围内,TSH是CH查的主要标志物,这是由于测试灵敏度.
- 实验室的进展是有效的CH查和预防发育问题的关键.
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