"课外"活动真的是课外活动吗? 在学校里最不重要的活动,正是那些最能教导现实世界的批判性和创造性思维的活动
Robert J Sternberg1, Sherry Lin1, Eric C K Nguyen1
1Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Journal of Intelligence
|January 24, 2025
概括
学校课程往往未能培养必要的批判性和创造性思维技能. 音乐和体育运动等课外活动可以更好地为学生准备应对现实世界解决问题的挑战.
科学领域:
- 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 技能发展 技能发展 技能发展
背景情况:
- 传统的学校课程经常不足以为学生提供必要的批判性和创造性思维能力,以应对未来的职业生涯和生活挑战.
- 学术学习的结构性和现实世界问题的复杂,不可预测的特征之间存在着巨大的差距.
- 这种脱节可能导致无法将学习的思维技巧推广到实际的,日常的情况.
研究的目的:
- 调查当前教育课程在培养关键的批判性和创造性思维技能方面的局限性.
- 探索课外活动在发展强大的解决问题的能力方面的潜力.
- 提出加强课程教学方法,以更好地与现实世界的挑战保持一致.
主要方法:
- 通过正规教育培养的技能与课外活动 (例如音乐和体育训练) 的比较分析.
- 检查区分学术任务与现实世界问题的特征.
- 识别和描述教学策略,以改善教育环境中的批判性和创造性思维.
主要成果:
- 课外活动,特别是音乐和体育运动,表明培养适应性批判性和创造性思维的能力更强.
- 课程活动往往缺乏与现实世界解决问题的场景固有的复杂性和模糊性.
- 由于不同的问题结构,学生可能很难将学术学习转化为实际应用.
结论:
- 课外参与可以显著提高批判性和创造性思维的发展,适用于各种生活挑战.
- 教育系统应该考虑将更多现实世界基于问题的学习方法纳入课程.
- 调整教学方法以反映日常问题的动态性质对于有效的学生准备至关重要.
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