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从2021年到2024年评估流感疫苗的有效性:广东的试验-负病例-对照研究

Liyan Zhu¹, Ying Han¹, Jiahai Lu^{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

¹Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.

|January 24, 2025

概括

流感疫苗在三个季节内在保护儿童方面表现出37%的有效性. 随着疫苗接种后的时间间隔越长,疫苗的有效性就越降低,这凸显了及时进行年度流感免疫接种的必要性.

科学领域:

儿童传染病儿童传染病
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

流感病毒的快速突变需要每年重新制定和评估疫苗.
对疫苗有效性的一致评估对于公共卫生战略至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了估计流感疫苗在儿童中的有效性 (VE).
分析年龄,季节性变化和疫苗接种到样本采集间隔对VE的影响.

主要方法:

用于数据收集的试验负病例对照 (TNCC) 设计.
该研究包括患有急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 症状的儿科患者 (<18岁).
从2021年10月到2024年1月收集的数据跨越了三个流感季节.

主要成果:

对所有流感病毒的总体 VE 为 37% (95% CI: 31-43).
在2021-2022赛季观察到的最低VE (24%).
在0.5至3岁的儿童中,VE的比例为32% (95%CI:19-43).
随着疫苗接种后的时间间隔越长,有效性就会下降:39% (0.5-2个月),30% (3-6个月) 和28% (>6个月).

结论:

流感疫苗接种在门诊机构接种疫苗的儿童中提供了至少三分之一的保护.
儿童是高风险群体,强调改善疫苗接种管理.
建议家长在每个流感季节之前鼓励每年接种疫苗.

关键词:

中国中国中国中国.案例控制情况流感流感流感流感流感测试阴性-测试阴性.接种疫苗接种疫苗

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