宾夕法尼亚州白尾鹿中SARS-CoV-2的演变 2021-2024 宾夕法尼亚州的白尾鹿中SARS-CoV-2的演变
Andrew D Marques1, Matthew Hogenauer1, Natalie Bauer2
1Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PLoS pathogens
|January 24, 2025
概括
白尾鹿 (WTD) 是SARS-CoV-2的储库,表现出持久的Alpha变体感染和频繁的人对鹿的Omicron溢出. 这突显了野生动物群体正在进行的病毒演变和传播动态.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,SARS-CoV-2 (严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2) 继续传播和演变.
- 白尾鹿 (Odocoileus virginianus) 已经成为SARS-CoV-2的重要动物储存库.
- 之前的研究表明,从鹿到人类的动物性传染病的潜在溢出.
研究的目的:
- 在宾夕法尼亚州的白尾鹿 (WTD) 中调查SARS-CoV-2的基因组动态和流行率.
- 识别在WTD中传播的病毒变异,了解传播模式.
- 评估正在进行的SARS-CoV-2演变和涉及WTD的溢出事件的潜力.
主要方法:
- 在宾夕法尼亚州为1,017天 (2021年4月至2024年1月) 采集了1,127名WTD的样本.
- RT-qPCR用于病毒载荷检测和全基因组测序用于变种识别.
- 植物动力学分析以重建病毒传播史和进化压力.
主要成果:
- 在WTD中观察到14.64%的SARS-CoV-2阳性率.
- 基因组分析确定了Alpha,Delta和Omicron变种,Alpha在人类循环停止后很长一段时间内仍然存在于WTD中.
- 至少有12种不同的人类到WTD的SARS-CoV-2溢出被记录下来,包括最近的Omicron引入.
- 在农作物覆盖的地区发现了更高的患病率,这表明接近人类人口.
- 在冬季和春季月份观察到患病率增加.
- 经常发生的突变表明WTD特有的进化压力.
结论:
- 白尾鹿是目前正在进行的SARS-CoV-2感染的庇护所,可能有助于进一步传播.
- 人类对WTD的频繁和反复的溢出影响继续存在,最近的Omicron变种引入.
- WTD种群代表了SARS-CoV-2进化和人类种群中潜在的重新出现的动态储存库.
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