加拿大的SARS-CoV-2血统和疫苗状态的儿童COVID-19严重程度:一个IMPACT研究
Daniel S Farrar1, Julie A Bettinger2,3, Aaron J Campigotto4
1Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Pediatric research
|January 24, 2025
概括
儿童的COVID-19住院治疗增加了Omicron血统,但疫苗接种降低了老年儿童的严重疾病风险. 疫苗还降低了5至16岁儿童的整体住院率.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 儿科COVID-19的严重程度受到SARS-CoV-2变异的演变和疫苗可用性的影响.
- 了解这些因素对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
- 加拿大监控数据为这些趋势提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 根据SARS-CoV-2血统,估计住院加拿大儿童患重症COVID-19的风险.
- 评估COVID-19疫苗接种状态对疾病严重程度的影响.
- 分析不同Omicron子系的趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用了加拿大儿科监测计划和加拿大免疫监测计划ACTive的数据.
- 包括从2020年4月至2022年12月因COVID-19住院的17岁以下儿童.
- 通过遗传测序或主导血统分析定义了严重疾病并确定了SARS-CoV-2血统.
主要成果:
- 奥米克朗血统占住院病例的81.4%;患有奥米克朗的儿童住院病例比所有先前的血统病例加起来还要多.
- 在Omicron (27.2%) 和Delta (23.2%) 期间,严重的COVID-19是常见的.
- 疫苗接种减少了12-16岁儿童的严重疾病风险 (aRR为0.49) 和5-16岁儿童的住院治疗.
结论:
- 与之前的菌株相比,Omicron系导致儿童COVID-19住院的负担更高.
- 接种COVID-19疫苗显示有保护作用,在特定的儿科年龄组中减少了严重疾病和住院治疗.
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