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相关概念视频

Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

65
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
65
Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

80
Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
80
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

102
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
102
Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

89
Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
89
Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

68
Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
68
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits01:21

Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits

72
Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
72

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Updated: May 31, 2025

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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通过辐射,故障注入和故障树分析进行中继保护设备可靠性评估.

Hualiang Zhou1,2, Hao Yu3, Zhiyang Zou1,2

  • 1State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing 211106, China.

Micromachines
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

本研究评估了由α粒子诱导的单次事件效应 (SEE) 如何影响继电器保护装置. 它提出了一种成本效益高的可靠性方法,用于电网中的二次设备.

关键词:
错误注入的错误注入方式错误树分析 错误树分析继电器保护装置的继电器保护装置.一个单一事件的颠覆.一个α粒子.

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科学领域:

  • 电气工程 电气工程
  • 核工程 核工程是指核工程.
  • 可靠性工程可靠性工程

背景情况:

  • 现代中继保护设备集成先进的芯片,引入新的漏洞.
  • 阿尔法粒子的单一事件效应 (SEE) 对二次设备的连续运行构成风险.
  • 目前对阿尔法粒子对继电器保护的影响的系统级评估是有限的.

研究的目的:

  • 评估由α粒子引起的SEE对继电器保护装置的影响.
  • 开发一个具有成本效益的可靠性评估方法,考虑SEE的二次设备.
  • 为提高未来电力电网系统的可靠性提供见解.

主要方法:

  • 蒙特卡洛模拟来模拟SEE的影响.
  • 通过阿尔法粒子辐射实验进行验证.
  • 故障注入和故障树分析用于系统级评估.
  • 在不同的工作负载条件下分析软误差概率.

主要成果:

  • 量化了SEE对继电器保护装置的影响,无论是否经过硬化.
  • 评估了一般和特定应用程序工作负载的软错误概率.
  • 证明了拟议可靠性评估方法的有效性.

结论:

  • 在电网中,SEE对二次设备的可靠性构成重大风险.
  • 开发的蒙特卡洛模拟和分析框架提供了低成本,有效的可靠性评估.
  • 这些发现有助于提高未来电力系统对辐射诱导影响的弹性.