有氧运动对糖尿病前期患者血糖的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Tianyi Jiang1, Zichen Ye2, Qu Lu3
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 25, 2025
概括
在糖尿病前期患者中,有氧运动显著降低血糖指标,如禁食血糖 (FBG),2小时食后血葡萄糖 (2hPG) 和血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c). 运动的持续时间和体量是有效控制葡萄糖的关键因素.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学和新陈代谢学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 糖尿病前期代表了正常血糖水平和2型糖尿病之间的关键过渡阶段,构成了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 有效的干预措施对于预防糖尿病的进展和管理相关的代谢失调至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析有氧运动干预措施对被诊断为糖尿病前期患者的关键血糖指标的疗效.
- 探索干预时间,每周运动频率和运动量对有氧运动有效性的影响.
主要方法:
- 在五个主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL) 进行了系统的文献搜索,截至2024年9月.
- 包括随机对照试验 (RCT),评估有氧运动对糖尿病前患者的空腹血糖 (FBG),2小时食后血葡萄糖 (2hPG) 和血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c) 的影响.
- 对14项研究的数据进行了元分析,分组分析基于干预参数检查了基于干预参数的效应.
主要成果:
- 有氧运动显示FBG显著降低 (加权平均差异[MD]:-1.33 mmol/L),2hPG (MD:-1.00 mmol/L) 和HbA1c (MD:-1.05%).
- 更长的干预持续时间 (≥48周) 和更高的每周运动量 (>180分钟/周或1314-1323MET·分钟/周) 与葡萄糖指标,特别是FBG的更大降低有关.
- 在改善血糖控制方面,有氧运动的有效性与其在观察范围内的持续时间和体积呈正相关.
结论:
- 有氧运动是改善糖尿病前期患者血糖控制的有效治疗策略,导致FBG,2hPG和HbA1c的显著减少.
- 有氧运动的持续时间和体积是其降血糖功效的关键决定因素.
- 可以建议定期进行有氧运动,作为一种可行的方法,以减轻糖尿病前期患者糖尿病风险.
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