饮食模式改变了老年人体质指数和死亡率之间的关联
Shu-Yi Li1, Zhi-Hui Lu1, Jason Leung2
1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|January 25, 2025
概括
健康饮食模式可以降低与老年人身体质量指数 (BMI) 相关的死亡风险. 高质量的饮食减轻了体重不足或肥胖的风险,而抗炎饮食可能会降低心血管疾病的死亡率.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 身体质量指数 (BMI) 和老年人死亡率之间的相互作用受到饮食模式的影响,但这一点仍未得到充分研究.
- 调查各种饮食模式如何改变BMI和死亡率之间的关联对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析饮食模式和BMI与中国老年人全因,癌症和心血管疾病 (CVD) 死亡率的综合和分层关联.
- 确定遵守特定的健康饮食 (DQI-I,DII,MDS,DASH,MIND) 是否会改变与不同BMI类别相关的死亡风险.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,涉及3982名中国社区居住的老年人.
- 使用280项食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量,计算DQI-I,DII,MDS,DASH和MIND饮食的得分.
- 从官方记录中收集的死亡率数据,使用Cox比例危险模型进行生存分析.
主要成果:
- 更健康的饮食模式 (较高的DQI-I,MDS,DASH,MIND;较低的DII) 削弱了BMI和所有原因/癌症死亡率之间的J形关联.
- 更高的饮食质量 (DQI-I) 减轻了体重不足和肥胖个体的癌症死亡风险.
- 抗炎饮食 (较低的DII) 和MIND饮食降低了肥胖个体的心血管疾病死亡风险,但这种影响在饮食模式上有所不同.
结论:
- 改善饮食质量显著降低了与老年人体重不足或肥胖相关的全因和癌症死亡风险.
- 抗炎和抗氧化饮食模式显示出与肥胖相关的心血管疾病死亡率的保护潜力.
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