在西班牙,非传染性疾病的行为风险因素和死亡风险的同时发生:基于人口的队列研究
Cristina Ortiz1, Teresa López-Cuadrado1,2, Ana Ayuso-Álvarez1
1Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
BMJ open
|January 25, 2025
概括
不健康行为的同时发生显著增加了西班牙成年人的死亡风险. 解决多种风险因素对于公共卫生战略至关重要,以减少整体和特定原因的死亡.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 行为风险因素是全球可预防死亡的主要原因.
- 了解多种风险因素的累积影响对于有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
- 以前的研究往往侧重于单个风险因素,而不是它们的综合影响.
研究的目的:
- 估计同时发生的行为风险因素对西班牙成年人口全因和因特定死亡率的影响.
- 量化与越来越多的不健康行为相关的死亡风险.
- 确定与多种风险因素积累相关的特定死亡风险 (心血管,瘤相关).
主要方法:
- 这是一项基于人口的队列研究,利用了2011-2012年西班牙国家健康调查和2014年欧洲健康调查的数据.
- 包括35,053名15岁及以上的参与者,与死亡率数据连接到2022年12月.
- 关键风险因素的分析:吸烟,高风险的酒精消费,低地中海饮食的坚持,久坐的生活方式和异常的体重指数. 标准化利率差异 (SRD) 和标准化利率比率 (SRR) 通过调整社会人口学变量Poisson回归模型来计算.
主要成果:
- 总体死亡风险随着同时出现的风险行为数量逐渐增加.
- 具有两种危险因素的个体死亡风险 (SRR) 高出1.88倍,而具有五种危险因素的个体死亡风险高出4.34倍.
- 风险因素并发和死亡率之间的关联在65岁以下的个人中更为明显.
- 五个风险因素与与瘤相关的死亡率 (SRR=6.35) 和心血管疾病死亡率 (SRR=2.57) 的风险显著增加有关.
结论:
- 不健康行为的累积效应大大提高了整体和特定原因死亡率的风险.
- 公共卫生战略必须优先考虑同时针对多个行为风险因素的干预措施.
- 解决风险行为协同作用的综合方法对于减少过早死亡至关重要.
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