评估ChatGPT在医学伦理决策中的表现:与基于USMLE的场景进行比较研究
Ali A Khan1, Ali R Khan2, Saminah Munshi3
1Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA ali_a_khan@brown.edu.
Journal of medical ethics
|January 25, 2025
概括
聊天GPT (GPT-3.5和GPT-4) 在医学伦理场景中表现有希望,但人类推理仍然优越. 对于先进的医疗保健应用,需要进一步开发人工智能.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 医疗教育 技术 技术 医学教育
- 医疗保健道德 医疗保健道德
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在医疗保健中的整合带来了伦理,法律和专业方面的挑战.
- 评估AI在美国医学执照考试 (USMLE) 核心部分的表现至关重要.
- 这项研究评估了AI在复杂的医疗场景和患者互动中以道德方式导航的能力.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT版本3.5和4.0在与伦理和沟通相关的USMLE样式问题上的表现.
- 为了比较AI的答案和理由与既定的医疗问题库和学生平均成绩.
- 了解AI在模拟医疗环境中的伦理决策方面的当前能力.
主要方法:
- 收集了来自AMBOSS,USMLE-Rx和UWorld的273个与USMLE相关的问题.
- 聊天GPT-3.5和GPT-4在单独的会议中回答了问题并提供了理由.
- 人工智能答案与问题库的合理性和平均人类学生分数进行了基准测试.
主要成果:
- GPT-3.5的准确率从38.9%到57.4%不等,逻辑准确率超过83%.
- GPT-4的准确度更高,从64.9%提高到79.6%,逻辑准确度超过85%.
- 两种AI版本的成绩都低于学生的平均成绩,GPT-4在一个问题库中表现出色.
结论:
- 聊天GPT,特别是GPT-4,表现出处理医学伦理和通信场景的潜力.
- 当前人类的推理和医疗决策中的表现超过了人工智能的能力.
- 持续的AI开发和专业培训对于提高关键医疗保健领域的熟练程度至关重要.
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