使用风险和保护因素框架预测青少年中的欺凌受害者:一个大规模的机器学习方法
Ethan Low1, Joshua Monsen2, Lindsay Schow2
1Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, Utah, USA.
BMC public health
|January 25, 2025
概括
青少年欺凌与年轻,社会排斥和家庭问题有关. 早期饮酒是网络欺凌的关键风险因素,突出了针对性预防策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 欺凌,包括身体,心理,社会或教育上的伤害,影响了大约20个美国青少年 (年龄12-18岁) 中的1个.
- 了解风险和保护因素对于有效的欺凌预防策略至关重要.
- 这项研究旨在确定与青少年欺凌受害相关的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查与青少年欺凌受害相关的主要风险和保护因素.
- 为青少年欺凌制定一个全面的风险和保护因素概况.
- 为制定有针对性的预防计划提供信息.
主要方法:
- 来自学生健康和风险预防 (SHARP) 调查 (2009-2021) 的数据分析,涉及345,506名犹他州学生.
- 利用机器学习 (LightGBM) 以70%的准确性来建模欺凌受害者.
- 使用夏普利增量解释 (SHAP) 值来解释模型预测和确定关键预测因子.
主要成果:
- 年轻的年级水平,社会排斥和家庭问题 (争论,侮辱,吸毒) 显著增加了欺凌风险.
- 家庭问题和不喜欢上学是男性和女性青少年的高度预测因素.
- 饮酒的早期发作与在线欺凌的受害者程度密切相关.
结论:
- 确定了青少年欺凌的主要人口,社会和家庭风险和保护因素.
- 调查结果强调了家庭关系和社会支持在预防欺凌方面的关键作用.
- 结果支持了针对家庭动态和社会包容性的预防计划的需要,未来的研究将重点放在多样化的人口和纵向数据上.
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