历史上的红线实践对美国城市社会脆弱性的长期影响
Yujian Lu1,2, Yan Lin1,2,3,4, Natasha Howard1,5
1Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
概括
历史上的红线创造了持久的社会脆弱性不平等. 前房屋所有者贷款公司 (HOLC) 分级社区.
科学领域:
- 环境正义 环境正义
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 历史上的红线划定,起源于20世纪30年代,在美国城市产生了持久的社会,环境和经济后果.
- 房屋所有者贷款公司 (HOLC) 使用彩色编码等级 (A-D) 来分类社区,其中"红色"地区经常面临剥离投资和歧视.
研究的目的:
- 调查过去的HOLC级社区当前的社会脆弱性不平等现象.
- 确定历史红线的遗产是否在当代社会脆弱性模式中持续存在.
主要方法:
- 利用2018年美国196个数字化城市的人口普查区级社会脆弱性数据.
- 用面积分配计算的社会脆弱性指数 (SVI) 及其各HOLC等级的组件.
- 采用Kruskal-Wallis测试和多重比较校正来分析HOLC等级之间的差异.
主要成果:
- 在四个HOLC等级中发现了总体SVI,主题SVI和个体因素的显著差异.
- 历史上被评为"A" (绿色) 的社区的社会脆弱性最低,而"D" (红色) 的社区的社会脆弱性最高.
- 这种不平等模式即使在规范化城市间基线社会因素 (城市规范化SVI) 之后也仍然明显.
结论:
- 历史上的红线实践继续在美国社区中引发重大社会脆弱性不平等.
- 城市规划者和政策制定者必须解决和减轻这些持续的差异,以促进公平的社区发展.
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