跨越空间和时间的环境变化驱动着历史上被迫害的大肉食动物的重新殖民模式
Ehsan Moqanaki1,2, Cyril Milleret1, Pierre Dupont1
1Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1432, Norway.
概括
斯堪的纳维亚的狼种群正在恢复,在九年内密度驱动因素发生了变化. 雌性狼人表现出持续的范围扩张,而雄性可能已经达到其极限.
科学领域:
- 生态与保护生物学 生态与保护生物学
- 野生动物人口动力学
- 空间生态学空间生态学
背景情况:
- 野生动物种群密度和范围是动态的,受内在和外在因素的影响.
- 在生态相关的尺度上研究长期的人口动态是具有挑战性的.
- 了解大型食肉动物的重新殖民过程对于保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在斯堪的纳维亚半岛重新殖民的狼 (Gulo gulo) 种群的时空密度动态研究九年.
- 确定狼密度变化的驱动因素,并评估性别特异性对环境因素的反应.
- 为了检查狼人密度和空间决定因素之间的关系在重新殖民期间如何演变.
主要方法:
- 利用挪威和瑞典收集的非侵入性遗传采样数据.
- 应用开放人口空间捕获-重新捕获模型来估计年密度面积.
- 模拟的性别密度变化和景观层面环境决定因素在时间上的影响.
主要成果:
- 狼人密度动态及其与空间决定因素的关系在重新殖民期间发生了变化.
- 对环境决定因素和关系中的时间动态的性别特异反应的证据.
- 雌性狼的密度显示了决定因素的显著变化,表明正在进行的扩张,与雄性不同.
结论:
- 斯堪的纳维亚野狼种群仍在从历史上的迫害和范围的收缩中恢复.
- 在重新殖民能力和对人类压力的反应中观察到性别特异性差异.
- 这些发现凸显了大型食肉动物在人类修改的景观中重新殖民的复杂性.
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