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相关概念视频

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.2K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.2K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

7.7K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.7K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K

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相关实验视频

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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

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强力可训练的液晶弹性体,通过机械诱导的激进聚合来实现.

Yiyi Xu1, Yinliang Huang1, Jinyu Wang1

  • 1Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究训练液晶弹性体 (LCEs) 通过结合机械孔来适应像生物一样. 这些智能软材料通过机械应力自我强化并学习新的特性,从而提高它们的功能.

关键词:
强力诱导的化学反应液晶弹性体是一种液晶弹性体.机械应力诱导的基质聚合是机械应力诱导的.智能材料是一种智能材料.软执行器执行器软执行器

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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
  • 生物仿真工程 生物仿真工程

背景情况:

  • 生物体对环境变化表现出适应性学习,这种特征很难在合成材料中复制.
  • 目前的合成材料缺乏与环境交换物质的能力,限制了它们的适应能力.
  • 液晶弹性体 (LCE) 对智能材料具有前景,但需要环境相互作用和自我改进的方法.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种可行的方法来训练合成材料,特别是LCE,以展示适应性学习.
  • 为了使LCE能够与其环境交换物质,并自主改进其性能.
  • 模仿人工材料中的生物训练机制,以提高功能.

主要方法:

  • 整合四烯酸苏尼特机械体到LCE的主要链中.
  • 利用机械应力诱导的基质聚合来触发适应性变化.
  • 调查修改后的LCE的自我强化和财产收购.

主要成果:

  • 开发的LCE展示了灵感来自于生物训练的"适应性学习"能力.
  • 机械应力诱导了基性聚合,使LCE能够自我强化并获得新的功能.
  • 获得的特性包括增强的灵活性,光响应和光,以及改进的机械性能.

结论:

  • 这项研究提出了一种创新的方法,用于创建具有自主自我改进的智能软材料.
  • 经过培训的LCE通过展示适应性学习和环境相互作用来克服当前材料的局限性.
  • 这些进步为下一代材料铺平了道路,这些材料模仿了生物体的适应能力.