肌肉对推动身体向上的贡献在跳跃和跑步之间有所不同
Sarah A Roelker1, John D Willson2, Paul DeVita3
1Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA.
Journal of biomechanics
|January 27, 2025
概括
跳跃通过使用同心肌收缩来产生能量,增加了与跑步相比的垂直位移,尽管力量冲动较低. 这种机制解释了跳过的更高的代谢成本和更大的质量中心 (COM) 升高.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 人类运动分析 人类运动分析
背景情况:
- 跳跃是一种较低影响的跑步替代品,提供较低的膝盖力,但更高的代谢需求.
- 跳过的更高的代谢成本与垂直质量中心 (COM) 位移的增加有关.
- 尽管COM位移较高,但跳跃涉及较低的肌肉力冲动比跑步.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较跳跃和运行时身体部分之间的机械功率流.
- 为了阐明背后的机制更大的垂直移位在跳跃尽管较低的垂直冲动.
- 为了研究肌肉的工作如何有助于跳跃与跑步的独特动态.
主要方法:
- 使用OpenSim软件模拟了5名成年参与者的跑步和跳跃步行周期.
- 在仪器跑步机上以一致的速度 (2.5 m/s) 收集的运动捕捉数据.
- 进行了细分功率分析,以量化肌肉对垂直机械功率和工作的贡献.
主要成果:
- 像 gluteus maximus,vasti 和 soleus 这样的肌肉在跳跃跳跃 (Skip 1) 中通过向干部发电提供更高的垂直工作.
- 这与在运行 (Run) 和跳过步骤 (Skip 2) 中观察到的功率吸收相反.
- 在Skip 1中,较低的肌肉力冲动被同心收缩产生能量所补偿,增加了代谢成本.
结论:
- 跳跃利用同心肌收缩来产生能量,将质量中心 (COM) 推向上.
- 这种发电机制与跑步时的减速不同,导致更大的COM排量和跳跃时更高的代谢成本.
- 了解细分动力流揭示了跳跃如何通过不同的肌肉参与策略实现比跑步更大的垂直运动.
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