青素过敏作为估计抗生素对抗药性影响的仪器变量
Yaki Saciuk1, Daniel Nevo2, Michal Chowers3,4
1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Nature communications
|January 27, 2025
概括
以前使用抗生素显著影响抗生素耐药性. 这项研究量化了青素和其他抗生素对耐药性的因果作用,揭示了对抗生素管理和处方政策的关键见解.
科学领域:
- 医学研究 医学研究
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 抗生素耐药性是一个日益增长的全球健康威胁.
- 了解抗生素暴露和耐药性之间的确切因果关系对于有效的治疗策略至关重要.
- 以前使用抗生素是已知的抗生素耐药性的驱动因素,但量化这种关系仍然具有挑战性.
研究的目的:
- 估计抗生素使用对抗生素耐药性的因果作用,使用青素过敏作为仪器变量 (IV).
- 量化与特定抗生素类相关的风险差异 (RD) 和危害 (NNH) 需要的数量 (NNH),包括青素,阿莫西西林/克拉夫兰酸和类.
- 为优化抗生素处方政策和临床实践提供基于证据的见解.
主要方法:
- 对36351名具有大肠杆菌阳性尿液培养和先前门诊抗生素使用的个人进行了回顾性队列研究.
- 使用仪器变量 (IV) 方法与青素过敏来估计因果关系.
- 分析了以色列麦卡比医疗保健服务 (MHS) 的数据,评估了暴露后长达一年的结果.
主要成果:
- 阿莫西西林/克拉夫兰酸和安培西林的使用与抗生素耐药性的显著增加有关 (RD:分别为11.4%和14.1%).
- 皮佩拉西林/塔扎巴克坦与耐药性相关的风险要低得多 (RD:0.8%).
- 180天内使用青素增加了对阿莫西西林/克拉夫兰酸的耐药性 (RD: 17.8%),而金类药物显著增加了对西普罗夫洛克萨的耐药性 (RD: 43.9%).
结论:
- 以前的青素使用对抗生素耐药性产生了可量化的影响,特别是对阿莫西西林/克拉夫兰酸的耐药性.
- 不同的抗生素类别对抗药性发展产生不同程度的影响.
- 研究结果支持需要谨慎的抗生素管理和明智的处方政策,以缓解抗生素耐药性的上升.
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