在肯尼亚的学龄前儿童中,发育分数和功能困难的发生率
Julia de Kadt1, Anita Jeyam1, Sheru W Muuo2
1Sightsavers, Haywards Heath, UK.
Child: care, health and development
|January 28, 2025
概括
肯尼亚的包括残疾在内的幼儿教育在年轻学习者中显示出显著的功能困难. 对于残疾儿童来说,在这些环境中实现他们发展潜力的支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 特殊教育 特殊教育
背景情况:
- 包括残疾在内的早期儿童发展和教育 (ECDE) 对儿童的潜力至关重要.
- 关于低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 主流ECDE中残疾患病率和结果的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 确定肯尼亚主流ECDE设置中功能困难的普遍性.
- 检查这些教室中具有和没有功能障碍的儿童的早期学习和发展成果.
主要方法:
- 肯尼亚ECDE学校的1756名3-9岁儿童进行了评估.
- 联合国儿童基金会/华盛顿集团儿童功能模块 (CFM) 测量了功能困难.
- 国际发展早期学习评估 (IDELA) 测量了儿童的发展.
主要成果:
- 19.9%的霍马湾儿童和8.8%的图尔卡纳儿童有功能障碍.
- 较年长的孩子 (5+) 具有更高的功能困难的几率.
- 功能性困难与图尔卡纳的IDELA分数较低有关,但霍马湾的IDELA分数较低.
结论:
- 包容性的ECDE需要在定居和难民环境中提供适当和可持续的支持.
- 解决功能性困难是获得公平儿童发展成果的关键.
相关概念视频
Learning Disabilities
83
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
83
Introduction to Developmental Psychology
200
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
200
Intellectual Disability
38
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
38
Information Processing Approach
30
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
30
Autism Spectrum Disorder
57
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
57
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
36
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
36


