在血液透析患者中影响流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种率的因素:一个多中心研究
Tamer Selen1, Özgür Merhametsiz2, Kürşad Öneç3
1Nephrology Department, Düzce Atatürk State Hospital, Düzce, Turkey.
Risk management and healthcare policy
|January 28, 2025
概括
在血液透析患者中,流感和肺炎球菌疫苗的接种率较低. 患者教育和提高医疗保健提供者的意识对于改善末期病 (ESRD) 患者的这些病率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 感染,特别是肺炎,是血液透析的末期病患者 (ESRD) 发病和死亡的主要原因,仅次于心血管疾病.
- 建议对透析患者进行流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种,以减轻感染风险.
- 目前的疫苗接种率和这个脆弱人群的意识水平需要调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估在接受血液透析的患者中对流感和肺炎球菌疫苗的认识和接种情况.
- 为了确定影响该患者队列疫苗接种率的因素.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及4个城市10个中心的548名血液透析患者的横截面研究.
- 通过面对面采访和电子医疗记录收集的数据,使用20项调查.
- 使用统计分析,包括ROC曲线分析和后勤回归来确定知识和疫苗接种预测因素.
主要成果:
- 观察到认识很低:只有3.5%的人知道肺炎球菌疫苗,43.4%的人知道流感疫苗.
- 接种疫苗的比例低于最佳水平:17.3%接种了肺炎球菌疫苗 (多于5年前),25.5%每年接种流感疫苗.
- 不接种疫苗的关键原因包括感知不需要流感疫苗和缺乏有关肺炎球菌疫苗的知识. 透析持续时间和糖尿病是流感疫苗知识的重要预测因素,而透析持续时间和教育水平预测了肺炎球菌疫苗知识.
结论:
- 在血液透析患者中,流感和肺炎球菌疫苗的认识和接种率明显低于推的水平.
- 为改善接种疫苗,对患者的教育干预和提高提供者的敏感性至关重要.
- 解决知识差距和感知需求可以增加ESRD患者的疫苗坚持.
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