预防外科手术期间心肌损伤的当前概念
Christian Bohringer1, Duc Le1, Hong Liu1
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.
概括
外科手术期间心肌损伤通常是由外科手术压力诱导的心力衰竭引起的,而不是斑块破裂. 控制心率和同情活动有效地防止心肌损伤.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 心血管外科心血管外科
背景情况:
- 术后心肌损伤是一个重大问题,经常与手术压力有关.
- 在手术期间交感神经系统活动升高导致心动减速,导致心肌需求缺血.
- 热素升高是不良心血管事件的可靠预测指标,即使没有其他明显的损伤迹象.
研究的目的:
- 阐明外科手术期间心肌损伤的主要机制.
- 评估不同治疗策略在预防心肌损伤方面的有效性.
- 引导临床重点,以有效预防外科手术期间心肌损伤.
主要方法:
- 分析导致外科手术前心肌损伤的因素,区分1型 (斑块破裂) 和2型 (心肌缺血引起的缺血).
- 对针对交感声调和心率的治疗方法的审查,包括德克斯梅托米丁,胸外膜阻塞,利多卡因和.
- 评估β阻塞剂的有效性和预防性他类药物和抗血小板药物的无效性.
主要成果:
- 2型损伤,由交感过度活跃和心动减速驱动,比1型心肌梗塞更常见.
- 动脉冲动引起的需求缺血是心肌损伤的主要原因.
- 减弱交感活动和控制心率的治疗方法,如德克斯梅托米丁和外周阻塞,可以减少托波的释放,防止心肌损伤.
结论:
- 临床重点应该从动脉样硬化斑块的稳定性转移到手术压力和心率的管理.
- 预防外科手术期间心肌损伤的有效策略包括控制交感神经系统活动和心率.
- 抗血小板剂和预防性他类药物在预防外科手术期间心肌损伤方面无效.
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