医学中的神经多样性框架:在频谱上
Raul Miranda-Ojeda1,2, Anuksha Wickramasinghe3, Georgios Ntolkeras1
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Developmental neurobiology
|January 28, 2025
概括
神经多样性认识到大脑功能中的自然变化,如自闭症和ADHD,将重点从病理转移到身份. 这种方法倡导量身定制的支持和包容性的医疗保健,提高神经差异性个体的生活质量.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 医学人文学科 医学人文学科
背景情况:
- 神经多样性包括神经功能中的自然变化,包括自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动性障碍 (ADHD) 等疾病.
- 传统医学模式往往将这些差异视为需要纠正的疾病.
- 一个范式的转变正在出现,将神经分歧视为人类变化的自然方面.
研究的目的:
- 审查神经多样性运动的演变.
- 提出"医学中的神经多样性框架".
- 挑战关于神经系统差异的传统医学观点.
主要方法:
- 关于神经多样性运动发展的文献综述.
- 为将神经多样性纳入医疗实践而开发概念框架.
- 分析从以病理为重点的医疗模式向以身份为重点的医疗模式的转变.
主要成果:
- 神经多样性运动主张将神经学差异视为自然变异而不是缺陷.
- 这种观点需要在医学上从基于病理学的模型转向基于身份的模型.
- 拟议的框架支持以人为中心的护理和定制干预措施.
结论:
- 在医学中采用神经多样性框架促进了神经学变异的包容性和接受.
- 这种转变可以改善神经分化个体的生活质量和功能结果.
- 在研究,临床实践和政策中整合神经分化观点至关重要.
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