家庭能源转型及其在发展中国家拯救婴儿生命中的关键作用
Yike Liu1, Lin Zhu2, Hua Liao1
1Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Journal of environmental management
|January 28, 2025
概括
减少家庭固体燃料的使用,可显著降低发展中国家的婴儿死亡率 (IMR). 获得更清洁的能源可以保护婴儿健康,每年预防数千例死亡.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 家庭使用固体燃料 (柴火,煤炭) 在发展中国家普遍存在.
- 固体燃料的燃烧释放有害污染物,这些污染物与不利的健康结果有关.
- 在这些地区,婴儿死亡率仍然是一个关键的公共卫生挑战.
研究的目的:
- 量化家庭减少固体燃料依赖对婴儿死亡率 (IMR) 的影响.
- 评估发展中国家固体燃料消耗降低与IMR之间的关联.
- 探索收入和城市化在减轻固体燃料使用对健康的影响中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自76个发展中国家的面板数据,涵盖了1990-2020.
- 采用计量经济学分析来估计固体燃料使用与IMR之间的关系.
- 分析了人均固体燃料消耗和使用固体燃料的家庭比例.
主要成果:
- 人均固体燃料消耗下降1%与IMR平均下降0.11%相关.
- 使用固体燃料的家庭减少1个百分点,与IMR平均下降0.5%有关.
- 固体燃料对IMR的负面影响随着收入和城市化程度的提高而变得不那么明显.
结论:
- 家庭对固体燃料的依赖减少是发展中国家IMR减少的一个重要驱动因素.
- 远离固体燃料的转变导致了1990-2020年间观察到的IMR下降的约23.2%.
- 据估计,这一转型有望防止937,260例婴儿死亡,这凸显了清洁能源政策的重要性.
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