粮食篮国家日益严重的水资源短缺问题
Qinyu Deng1,2, Tyler Sharretts3, Tariq Ali4
1School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Nature communications
|January 28, 2025
概括
在中国,印度和美国,由于需求的增加,特别是用于灌,水资源的稀缺性正在增加. 许多地区现在每年面临超过四个月的水资源短缺,耗尽资源.
科学领域:
- 环境科学环境科学
- 水文学的水文学
- 可持续性研究是关于可持续性的研究.
背景情况:
- 不可持续的用水威胁着全球福祉和环境健康.
- 以前的水资源稀缺性评估缺乏详细的空间和时间分辨率.
- 精确的水资源管理对于实现可持续发展目标至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从1980年到2015年,每月对蓝水稀缺性演变进行详细的评估.
- 分析中国,印度和美国的水资源短缺趋势.
- 确定增加水需求和水资源稀缺的驱动因素和程度.
主要方法:
- 每月对蓝水稀缺性 (地表和地下水) 的分盆地评估.
- 对特定作物和经济部门的水需求变化的分析.
- 在35年 (1980-2015) 期间评估水资源短缺的时间趋势.
主要成果:
- 蓝水需求显著增加:60% (中国),71% (印度),27% (美国),主要是由于主要作物的灌.
- 在高峰期的不可持续需求大幅增加:101% (中国),82% (印度),49% (美国).
- 显著比例的子盆地面临长期的稀缺:32% (中国),61% (印度),27% (美国) 每年经历≥4个月的稀缺.
结论:
- 越来越多的水需求正在加剧已经面临压力地区的缺水问题.
- 目前的用水模式不成比例地影响脆弱地区.
- 研究结果支持针对性的干预措施,以平衡人类和环境的水需求.
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