影响小农奶牛场牛奶产量,成分和质量的管理因素
Marie Anne Mukasafari1,2, Jean Pierre Mpatswenumugabo3,4, Jean Baptiste Ndahetuye2
1Department of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Tropical animal health and production
|January 28, 2025
概括
卢旺达小农奶牛场的低产量与品种类型和高乳腺炎率有关. 许多牛奶样本含有抗生素残留物,造成公共卫生风险,需要进行常规质量控制.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 乳制品生产 乳制品生产
- 食品安全 食品安全
背景情况:
- 卢旺达的小农奶牛场面临着影响牛奶生产的挑战.
- 评估农场管理对牛奶产量和质量的作用对于改善乳制品行业可持续性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估农场管理实践与卢旺达小农奶牛农场的牛奶产量和质量之间的关联.
- 识别导致低牛奶产量的因素,评估牛奶质量参数,包括体细胞计数和抗生素残留物.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及卢旺达156家小农奶牛农场的横截面研究.
- 通过关于牛特征和管理的问卷收集数据;牛奶产量记录.
- 牛奶成分分析 (Lactoscan),体细胞计数 (DeLaval细胞计数器) 和抗生素残留检测 (Delvotest SP-NT套件).
主要成果:
- 平均每天的牛奶产量为3.9L/母牛,受品种,挤奶频率,哺乳阶段和牛奶平价的影响.
- 牛奶的成分 (蛋白质,脂肪,乳糖,固体非脂肪,密度) 一般是正常的,与管理实践无关.
- 65.8%的牛奶样本具有可接受的体细胞计数 (<30万细胞/毫升),但12.9%的抗生素残留检测结果呈阳性.
结论:
- 低牛奶产量归因于品种类型和高乳腺炎患病率.
- 牛奶中的抗生素残留物表明可能没有遵守戒备期,这引发了公众健康问题.
- 在牛奶采集中心对体细胞计数和抗生素残留的常规检测对于质量保证至关重要.
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