警告人们他们正在被微观准,并没有消除说服力的优势
Fabio Carrella1, Almog Simchon2, Matthew Edwards3
1School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. fabio.carrella@bristol.ac.uk.
Communications psychology
|January 28, 2025
概括
政治微观目标化利用个人弱点进行说服. 警告弹出窗口并没有降低这些定向广告的说服力,引发了政策担忧.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 沟通研究 沟通研究
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 政治中的微型准利用个人的弱点来定制消息,引发对操纵的伦理担忧.
- 人工智能 (AI) 和人格推理模型的日益使用加剧了这些道德和监管挑战.
- 现有的研究证实了微观定位的令人信服的有效性,需要制定策略来减轻其潜在的危害.
研究的目的:
- 调查警报信号 (弹出窗口) 在抵消政治微观定位的说服力效果方面的有效性.
- 为了比较个性定制的政治广告的说服力,带有和没有警告弹出窗口.
- 评估这些警告对用户对有针对性的政治信息和非有针对性的政治信息的看法的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项人体内研究 (N=666,N=432,N=669) 以评估警告弹出窗口.
- 参与者接触到有针对性和非有针对性的政治信息,有警告信号和没有警告信号.
- 对广告的说服力进行了测量,以确定微目标和警告干预措施的效果.
主要成果:
- 观察到显著的定向效应,以人格定向广告始终被评为比非定向广告更具说服力.
- 警告弹出窗口的存在对政治广告的感知说服力没有统计学上显著的影响.
- 个性定向广告的说服力优势即使在显示警告时也存在.
结论:
- 针对个性的政治广告比非定向的广告更具说服力,这种效果对警告干预措施来说是强大的.
- 警告弹出窗口在缓解微观目标政治广告的说服力方面是无效的.
- 这些发现对政策有重大影响,特别是在欧盟人工智能法案等透明度倡议方面,这表明目前的警告策略可能不足.
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