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可生物降解的渔具:对幽灵捕鱼和海洋塑料污染的潜在解决方案

Waranya Wataniyakun¹, Maelenn Le Gall², Maria El Rakwe²

¹UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.

Marine pollution bulletin

|January 29, 2025

概括

生物降解的渔具制成的聚乙烯酸盐共酸盐-共酸盐 (PBSAT) 和聚乙烯酸盐-共酸盐 (PBSA) 为海洋污染提供了解决方案. 这些材料在水解过程中比传统的聚胺 (PA) 装备更快地降解,减少了幽灵捕鱼的影响.

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
环境科学环境科学
聚合物化学聚合物化学

背景情况:

传统的渔具,通常由非生物降解聚胺 (PA) 制成,有助于持续的海洋垃圾和幽灵捕捞.
生物降解的共聚合物,如聚乙烯糖酸共基-共基 (PBSAT) 和聚乙烯糖酸共基 (PBSA),正在作为可持续的替代品进行探索.
了解海洋环境中的物质退化对于评估它们对环境的影响至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估纯水水解对PBSAT和PBSA渔具材料降解的影响.
为了比较可生物降解共聚合物的水解诱导的降解与传统的聚胺 (PA) 单丝.
预测随着时间的推移在不同温度下机械强度的损失,模拟海洋条件.

主要方法:

在高温 (40°C,60°C,70°C,80°C) 上对PBSAT,PBSA和PA单丝进行了加速老化实验.
纯水水解被分离为主要降解因子.
随着时间的推移,测量了机械强度 (断裂时的应力),以确定降解速度,并预测在较低温度 (2°C至30°C) 下的生命周期结束场景.

主要成果:

与PA相比,生物降解的PBSAT和PBSA通过水解呈现出明显更快的降解速度.
预计在2°C时,PBSAT和PBSA分别在约10年和20年内失去50%的初始压力.
聚胺 (PA) 单纤维在纯水解下呈现最小的降解,预计在2°C时损失50%的应力,预计需要1000年.

结论:

在纯水解条件下,与PA相比,可生物降解共聚合物 (PBSAT,PBSA) 的降解时间大大缩短.
虽然比PA更快,但PBSAT和PBSA的降解时间仍然超过典型的渔具使用寿命,这表明如果过早丢失,它们可能无法完全减轻幽灵捕鱼.
需要进一步的研究来研究海洋环境中的综合降解因素,以充分评估这些可生物降解材料的生命周期影响.

关键词:

衰老的衰老衰老的衰老合聚的共聚是一种.降解降解是一种降解.渔具渔具渔具渔具水解是指水解过程中的水解.

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