如何 (不) 定义"辅助死亡"
1Anscombe Bioethics Centre, Oxford, UK director@bioethics.org.uk.
Journal of medical ethics
|January 29, 2025
概括
"辅助死亡"的定义缺乏共识,通用和规定的定义导致不一致的使用. 本文主张一个更广泛的,通用的定义,以确保围绕生命终端医疗实践的辩论的清晰度.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医疗保健政策 医疗保健政策
背景情况:
- 在过去的二十年中",辅助死亡"一词变得越来越突出,用于描述医疗辅助的故意结束患者生命.
- 尽管它很普遍,但对于"辅助死亡"或其变体没有普遍同意的定义.
- 这种缺乏共识使得关于终身护理的讨论和政策制定变得复杂.
研究的目的:
- 分析围绕英国"协助死亡"定义的辩论.
- 批判性地评估不同定义方法的含义,特别是通用和规定的定义.
- 倡导明确和一致的术语,以促进对辅助死亡的合理辩论.
主要方法:
- 来自英国各种来源的"辅助死亡"现有定义的文献综述和分析.
- 对通用定义 (包括各种实践,如协助自杀和安乐死) 和规定定义 (将范围缩小到特定实践或患者群体) 的比较分析.
- 对规定定义对术语一致性和理性话语的影响进行论证分析.
主要成果:
- 有两种主要方法来定义"辅助死亡":通用定义和规定定义.
- 一般定义涵盖了广泛的做法,包括协助自杀和安乐死,有或没有资格标准.
- 规定的定义狭窄地将"辅助死亡"定义为特定的场景,例如绝症成人辅助自杀,不包括其他做法.
- 该论文强调,有条款的定义是有问题的,因为它们排除了该术语的常见应用,导致使用不一致.
结论:
- "辅助死亡"的规定的定义是有问题的,因为它们排除了在这个总体术语下广泛认可的做法,导致应用不一致.
- 为了使规定的定义得到一致使用,必须承认它们与"辅助死亡"的更广泛,通用意义相比是次要的.
- 实现术语的清晰度对于在复杂的死亡辅助问题上进行合理和富有成效的辩论至关重要.
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